Visualizing Data with Seaborn (Python Track)

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# from matplotlib import rcParams
# # Set global font properties to Arial
# rcParams.update(
#     {
#         "font.family": "sans-serif",
#         "font.sans-serif": "Arial",
#         "pdf.fonttype": 42,  # Embed fonts as Type 3 fonts for compatibility
#         "ps.fonttype": 42,
#         "text.usetex": False,
#         "svg.fonttype": "none",
#     }
# )


def stardize_columns(df):
    df.columns = [" ".join(col.strip().split()) for col in df.columns]
    # Basic data cleaning
    df["DATE OF OCCURRENCE"] = pd.to_datetime(df["DATE OF OCCURRENCE"])


# Load the data
df = pd.read_csv(
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cauliyang/Visualizing-Data-with-Seaborn/main/data/Crimes_One_year_prior_to_present.csv",
    nrows=1000,
)
stardize_columns(df)

# Exercise: Explore the dataset
# 1. Use df.info() to display basic information about the dataset
# 2. Use df.head() to show the first few rows

# Your code here:


# What insights can you gather from this initial exploration?

# Display basic information about the dataset
print(df.info())

sns.countplot(
    data=df,
    y="PRIMARY DESCRIPTION",
    order=df["PRIMARY DESCRIPTION"].value_counts().index[:10],
)
plt.title("Top 10 Crime Types")
# sns.despine(offset=10, trim=True) Try that
plt.show()

from wordcloud import WordCloud
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Combine all secondary descriptions into a single string
text = " ".join(df["SECONDARY DESCRIPTION"].dropna())

# Create and generate a word cloud image
wordcloud = WordCloud(
    width=800, height=400, background_color="white", min_font_size=10
).generate(text)

# Display the generated image
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation="bilinear")
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

df["HOUR"] = df["DATE OF OCCURRENCE"].dt.hour
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
sns.histplot(data=df, x="HOUR", bins=24, kde=True)
plt.title("Distribution of Crimes by Hour of the Day")
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
sns.kdeplot(data=df, x="HOUR", hue="PRIMARY DESCRIPTION", common_norm=False)
plt.title("Distribution of Different Crime Types by Hour")
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="LONGITUDE", y="LATITUDE", hue="PRIMARY DESCRIPTION")
plt.title("Geographical Distribution of Crimes")
plt.show()

crime_counts = df.groupby("DATE OF OCCURRENCE").size().reset_index(name="COUNT")
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
sns.lineplot(data=crime_counts, x="DATE OF OCCURRENCE", y="COUNT")
plt.title("Crime Trends Over Time")
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(14, 6))
sns.set_style("whitegrid")
sns.set_palette("deep")

g = sns.countplot(
    data=df,
    y="PRIMARY DESCRIPTION",
    order=df["PRIMARY DESCRIPTION"].value_counts().index[:10],
)

g.set_title("Top 10 Crime Types", fontsize=20)
g.set_xlabel("Count", fontsize=14)
g.set_ylabel("Crime Type", fontsize=14)

# Seaborn way: Add bar labels
for container in g.containers:
    g.bar_label(container)
# g.bar_label(g.containers[0])

# matplotlib way: Add bar labels
# for i, v in enumerate(df["PRIMARY DESCRIPTION"].value_counts()[:10]):
#     g.text(v + 3, i, str(v), color="black", va="center")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

df["DAY_OF_WEEK"] = df["DATE OF OCCURRENCE"].dt.day_name()
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
sns.boxplot(data=df, x="DAY_OF_WEEK", y="DATE OF OCCURRENCE").set_ylabel("Date")
plt.title("Distribution of Crimes by Day of the Week")
plt.show()

# Exercise: Change the violinplot to a boxenplot
# Hint: Use sns.violinplot()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
# Your code here:

plt.title("Distribution of Crimes by Day of the Week")
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
sns.violinplot(data=df, x="DAY_OF_WEEK", y="DATE OF OCCURRENCE").set_ylabel("Date")
plt.show()

# Exercise: Change the violinplot to a boxenplot
# Hint: Use sns.boxenplot()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
# Your code here:

plt.title("Distribution of Crimes by Day of the Week")
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
sns.boxenplot(data=df, x="DAY_OF_WEEK", y="DATE OF OCCURRENCE").set_ylabel("Date")
plt.show()

# Select numeric columns
numeric_cols = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns

# Compute correlation matrix
corr_matrix = df[numeric_cols].corr()

# Create heatmap
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
sns.heatmap(corr_matrix, annot=True, cmap="coolwarm", linewidths=0.5)
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.show() 

# Select numeric columns
numeric_cols = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns

# Compute correlation matrix
corr_matrix = df[numeric_cols].corr()

# Create a mask for the upper triangle
mask = np.triu(np.ones_like(corr_matrix, dtype=bool))

# Set up the matplotlib figure
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))

# Create heatmap with only upper triangle
sns.heatmap(
    corr_matrix,
    mask=mask,
    annot=True,
    cmap="coolwarm",
    vmin=-1,
    vmax=1,
    center=0,
    square=True,
    linewidths=0.5,
    cbar_kws={"shrink": 0.8},
    fmt=".2f",
)
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.show()

sns.lmplot(
    data=df,
    x="BEAT",
    y="WARD",
    col="ARREST",
    row="DOMESTIC",
    height=3,
    aspect=2,
    facet_kws=dict(sharex=False, sharey=False),
    scatter_kws={"alpha": 0.5},
)
plt.show()

import numpy as np


def sinplot(n=10, flip=1):
    x = np.linspace(0, 14, 100)
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        plt.plot(x, np.sin(x + i * 0.5) * (n + 2 - i) * flip)


f = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
gs = f.add_gridspec(2, 2)

with sns.axes_style("darkgrid"):
    ax = f.add_subplot(gs[0, 0])
    sinplot(6)

with sns.axes_style("white"):
    ax = f.add_subplot(gs[0, 1])
    sinplot(6)

with sns.axes_style("ticks"):
    ax = f.add_subplot(gs[1, 0])
    sinplot(6)

with sns.axes_style("whitegrid"):
    ax = f.add_subplot(gs[1, 1])
    sinplot(6)

f.tight_layout()